Warfarin Dosing
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 Key References for Genetic-Based Warfarin Dosing Algorithms
Anderson JL, Horne BD, Stevens SM et al. Randomized trial of genotype-guided versus standard warfarin dosing in patients initiating oral anticoagulation. Circulation 2007;116:2563-70.
Caldwell M, Awad T, Johnson J, Gage B et al. CYP4F2 genetic variant alters required warfarin dose. Blood 2008.
Caraco Y, Blotnick S, Muszkat M. CYP2C9 genotype-guided warfarin prescribing enhances the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation: a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008:460-70.
Eckman MH, Rosand J, Greenberg SM, Gage BF. Cost-effectiveness of using pharmacogenetic information in warfarin dosing for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation Ann InternMed 2009;150:73-83.
 
Gage B, Eby C, Johnson J, Deych E et al. Use of Pharmacogenetic and Clinical Factors to Predict the Therapeutic Dose of Warfarin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008.

The International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. Estimation of the warfarin dose with clinical and pharmacogenetic data.
N Engl J Med 2009;360:753-64.
Lenzini P, Grice G, Milligan P, Gatchel S, Deych E, Eby C, Burnett R, Clohisy J, Barrack R, Gage B. Optimal initial dose adjustment of warfarin in orthopedic patients.
Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1798-804.

Lenzini PA, Grice GR, Milligan PE, et al. Laboratory and clinical outcomes of pharmacogenetic vs. clinical protocols for warfarin initiation in orthopedic patients.
J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6:1655-62.
Schwarz UI, Ritchie MD, Bradford Y, et al. Genetic Determinants of Response to Warfarin during Initial Anticoagulation N Engl J Med 2008; 358:999-1008.

Schelleman H, Chen J, Chen Z, et al. Dosing algorithms to predict warfarin maintenance dose in Caucasians and African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;84:332-9.
Millican E, Jacobsen P, Milligan P, Grosso L, Eby C, Deych E, Grice G, Clohisy J, Barrack L, Burnett R, Voora D, Gatchel S, Tiemeier A, Gage B. Genetic-Based Dosing in Orthopedic Patients Beginning Warfarin Therapy . Blood 2007.
Rieder MJ, Reiner AP, Gage BF, et al. Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2285-93.
Sconce EA, Khan TI, Wynne HA, et al. The impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and patient characteristics upon warfarin dose requirements: proposal for a new dosing regimen. Blood 2005;106:2329-33.
Wadelius M, Chen LY, Eriksson N, et al. Association of warfarin dose with genes involved in its action and metabolism. Hum Genet 2007;121:23-34.

Wadelius M, Chen LY, Lindh JD, et al. Blood. 2009;113:784-92
Yuan HY, Chen JJ, Lee MT, et al. A novel functional VKORC1 promoter polymorphism is associated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in warfarin sensitivity. Hum Mol Genet 2005;14:1745-51.


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